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IceCube discovered a flux of cosmic neutrinos originating in extragalacticsources with an energy density close to that in gamma rays and cosmic rays. Amultimessenger campaign triggered by the coincident observation of a gamma-rayflare and a 290-TeV IceCube neutrino pinpointed the cosmic-ray accelerator TXS0506+056. Subsequently, the IceCube archival data revealed a 3-month burst of13 cosmic neutrinos in 2014-15 that dominates the neutrino flux of the sourceover the 9.5 years of observations. The original identification of the sourceas a blazar was puzzling because it requires a major accretion event onto therotating supermassive black hole to accommodate the neutrino burst. Subsequenthigh-resolution radio images of the source with the VLBA brought to light amerger of two galaxies, revealed by the interaction of two jets entangled inthe source. Recently, the blazar PKS 1502+106 was found in the direction of a300-TeV neutrino alert, IC-190730. OVRA radio observations at 15 GHz indicatethat the neutrino also coincides with the highest flux density of a flare thatstarted five years ago. This matches the similar long-term outburst seen fromTXS 0506+056 and may indicate merger activity. Also, the dominant hotspot inthe 10-year IceCube neutrino sky map, NGC 1068 (Messier 77), is a Seyfertgalaxy undergoing a major accretion event onto the black hole. A few-percentfraction of such special sources, now labeled as gamma-ray blazars, issufficient to accommodate the diffuse cosmic neutrino flux observed by IceCube.While rapid progress seems likely, the observations also convincingly make thecase for the construction of more and larger neutrino telescopes with betterangular resolution.

Cosmic Neutrinos and the Cosmic-Ray Accelerator TXS 0506+056