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The biomechanical studies have proposed several forward fall arrestingstrategies to reduce the impact forces in a human-robot collaborationenvironment. A proposed strategy is using a compliant flooring for anenvironment because it can reduce the stiffness of the ground. In this study,we proposed that if a rigid layer is mounted on a compliant flooring(double-layer flooring), the impact force is further reduced. In order toinvestigate this goal, we designed two subjective laboratory experiments. Inexperiment 1, the subjects were instructed falling to the ground where wascovered by a single layer of compliant material (a foam pad). In experiment 2,the subjects fell on double-layer flooring when one rigid layer (a woodsurface) was mounted on the compliant layer. The impact forces were measuredfor two short forward fall heights onto the outstretched hand. The resultsshowed that the profile of the impact forces consists of two peaks. The firstpeak has a higher magnitude, and it is followed by the second peak with a lowermagnitude. Comparing the magnitude of the first peak between two experimentsshows a reduction of the impact force in experiment 2. In contrast, themagnitudes of second peaks are identical for both experiments. Therefore, weconcluded that using a double-layer flooring, i.e.one rigid layer and onecompliant layer can be an effective strategy for considerably reducing theimpact force, and preventing the wrist fractures during the forward fall.

Rigid Material on Top of a Compliant Flooring Effectively Reduces the Impact Force In The Event of a Forward Fall