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Using information on geomagnetic activity, sunspot numbers and cosmogenicisotopes, supported by historic eclipse images and in conjunction with models,it has been possible to reconstruct annual means of solar wind speed and numberdensity and heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) intensity since 1611, whentelescopic observations of sunspots began. These models are developed and tunedusing data recorded by near-Earth interplanetary spacecraft and by solarmagnetograms over the past 53 years. In this paper, we use thesereconstructions to quantify power input into the magnetosphere over the past400 years. For each year, both the annual mean power input is computed and itsdistribution in daily means. This is possible because the distribution of dailyvalues divided by the annual mean is shown to maintain the same lognormal formwith a constant variance. This study is another important step towards thedevelopment of a physics-based, long-term climatology of space weatherconditions.

Space Climate and Space Weather over the past 400 years: 1. The Power input to the Magnetosphere