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Quantifying the "capability" of a manufacturing process is an importantinitial step in any quality improvement program. Capability is usually definedin dictionaries as "the ability to carry out a task, to achieve an objective".Process capability indices(PCIs) is defined as a combination of materials,methods, equipments and people engaged in producing a measurable output. PCIswhich establish the relationships between the actual process performance andthe manufacturing specifications, have been a focus of research in qualityassurance and process capability analysis. Capability indices that qualifyprocess potential and process performance are practical tools for successfulquality improvement activities and quality program implementation. As a matterof fact, all processes have inherent statistical variability, which can beidentified, evaluated and reduced by statistical methods. Generalized ProcessCapability Index, defined as the ratio of proportion of specificationconformance (or, process yield) to proportion of desired (or, natural)conformance. We review the process capability indices in case of normal,non-normal, discrete and multivariate process distributions and discuss theinferential aspects of some of these process capability indices. Relationsamong the process capability indices have also been illustrated with examples.Finally we also consider the process capability indices using conditionalordering and transforming multivariate data to univariate one using the conceptof structural function.

Trends and Practices in Process Capability Studies