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Classical ghost imaging has received considerable attention in recent yearsbecause of its remarkable ability to image a scene without direct observationby a light-detecting imaging device. In this article, we show that this imagingprocess is actually a realization of a paradigm known as dual photography,which has been shown to produce full-color dual (ghost) images of 3D objectswith complex materials without using a traditional imaging device.Specifically, we demonstrate mathematically that the cross-correlation basedmethods used to recover ghost images are equivalent to the light transportmeasurement process of dual photography. Because of this, we are able toprovide a new explanation for ghost imaging using only classical optics byleveraging the principle of reciprocity in classical electromagnetics. Thisobservation also shows how to leverage previous work on light transportacquisition and dual photography to improve ghost imaging systems in thefuture.

On the Relationship Between Dual Photography and Classical Ghost Imaging