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The wind tower is an ancient technique used since the time of Feraoun (1300 AC) until today for natural ventilation in the arid Middle East region including Iraq and Iran without any energy consumption ensuring thermal comfort and considerable energy efficiency by comparing it with HVAC systems (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) widely used in these areas. Two mechanisms are used in the natural ventilation: buoyancy caused by the temperature difference and the wind pressure forces on the envelope of the ventilated structure. Δp is the pressure difference resulting from the external pressure caused by the interaction wind-structure and the internal pressure which cause an airflow inside building driving by Δp and finally the air leave the building through building openings (doors, windows, etc.). In order to create maximum pressure difference, the wind tower geometry (windward side) is questioned. Four aerodynamic shapes are studied: square, circular, triangular and U. The results show that the circular and triangular models have external and internal pressures much higher than the square and U model. This new aerodynamic geometries are more appropriate to create maximum Δp than rectangular tower. These results confirm the importance of Computational Wind Engineering CWE in the study of natural ventilation potential of this technique especially in windy arid regions such as the South of Algeria. CFD techniques have become increasingly essential as an aid to decision in modern design of natural ventilation systems.

Changing the geometry of the Wind Tower and its Influence on Aerodynamic Behavior and Natural Ventilation