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We describe a new genus of fossil frog from the Miocene, Valentine Formation, Barstovian (13 - 14.5 million years ago) of northern Nebraska in the northern Great Plains USA. This frog was originally described as Pseudacris nordensis in 1964. The large, diverse genus Pseudacris is composed of 18 other species, all of which are extant. A total of 164 specimens (7 fossils, 114 dry skeletons, 43 cleared and stained specimens) from 17 museums and collections was examined for the new genus and the 18 extant species of Pseudacris . Diagnostic characteristics of the ilia differentiate the distinct new fossil genus from all extant species of Pseudacris . The new genus is known from three locations in the basin of the Niobrara River. Two extant species ( P. clarkii and P. crucifer ) are also known from several fossils of the same stratigraphic horizon as the new genus. Co-occurrence of the new genus with P. clarkii and P. crucifer in the same horizon clearly indicates that they were markedly distinct 13-14.5 million years ago. We propose that the northern Great Plains may have been a center of diversity for terrestrial vertebrates during the Miocene, and discuss models for speciation, the first step in the evolution of a new genus.

A new genus of fossil frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from the Miocene of teh northern Great Plains (USA), with a commentary on vertebrate diversity