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Background  Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis.  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and  Aspergillus fumigatus  are pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection with  P. aeruginosa  and  A. fumigatus  results in worsening lung function and clinical condition.    Methods  In this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms of  P. aeruginosa  and  A. fumigatus  in CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.    Results   P. aeruginosa  inhibits  A. fumigatus  growth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants.  P. aeruginosa  induces  A. fumigatus  growth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines.  A. fumigatus  interferes with  P. aeruginosa , affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.    Discussion  Coexistence of  P. aeruginosa  and  A. fumigatus  can lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms of  P. aeruginosa  and  A. fumigatus  interaction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.

Interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis