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The effects of phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon on the microstructure and the stress rupture properties of a N&Fe base superalloy were studied. Phosphorus had no effect on the grain size of the alloy, but sulfur reduced and silicon enlarged the gram size of the alloy. The ‘net’ alloy with the lowest amount of the minor elements had a problem of short rupture life. It was determined by analysis that the dislocations in the ‘net’ alloy were not firmly pinned by the segregation of the minor elements and could move easily, which increased the creep rate and reduced the rupture life of the alloy. In this case, a small addition of any minor element resulted in the same effect, significantly increasing the rupture life but drastically decreasing the rupture elongation. The concentration of the minor elements at the dislocations might reach the saturation point at a very low addition level. When the addition of the minor elements was above the level, their effect of inhibiting the dislocation movement did not increase again, and other influencing mechanisms by the elements took effect. Phosphorus had an effect to resist the intergranular ingression of the environmental oxygen. But the oxygen ingression along the grain boundaries was not the dominant factor leading to the failure of the ‘net’ alloy. Phosphorus at 0.016 wt. % strengthened the alloy by a perfect combination of the three influencing mechanisms, including the inhibition of the dislocation movement, the improvement of the inter-granular precipitation, and the resistance to the intergranular ingression of the environmental oxygen. And hence the alloy had the longest life. Sulfur and silicon seemed having only one beneficial effect of pinning the dislocations, and hence they increased the rupture life of the alloy in the very small addition ranges. Sulfur had an abnormal effect to improve the rupture elongation of the alloy because it reduced the grain size noticeably.

The Common Strengthening Effect of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicone in Lower Contents and a Problem of a Net Superalloy