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Prostate cancer has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide (Pandey and Chandravati, 2013). Prostate tumors shed circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the bloodstream of patients diagnosed with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (HRPC); CTC counts predict overall survival and provide an efficient framework for multi-scale analysis of fluid biopsies for quantification as well as monitoring of prostate cancer in individual patients of diverse ethnicities (Ozkumur et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2011; Turker et al., 2013). This letter to editor aims to briefly comment on the predictive and prognostic therapeutic potential of CTCs in tailor-made personalized treatment strategies in prostate cancer management; the idea to draft the letter originated from the lead author’s clinical research observership/ visit at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSH, and New York Presbyterian Hospital (Weill-Cornell campus), NY, USA. High content analyses of single CTCs have the potential to provide a non-invasive means of assessing prostate cancer progression in real time during the course of treatment, and to aid in patient-specific tailormade individualized therapy by monitoring phenotypic, physiological, morphometric, genotypic and protein expression alterations in real time occurring in response to targeted therapy (Dago et al., 2014). Moreover, highly rearranged copy number variation (CNV) profiles and androgen receptor (AR)+/phenotypes in distinct CTC subpopulations may further predict the therapeutic response using pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacogenomics strategies in animal models (murine models of prostate cancer) and prostate cancer human cohorts of American (Whites, Hispanic, Caucasian, African American) and Asian (Indian, Korean, Chinese, Japanese) ethnicities at the population level(s). Recently, genomic changes based on array CGH and limited sequencing have been reported on CTCs isolated with the CellSearch system and the High DefinitionCTC (HD-CTC) enumeration method as well as the NanoVelcro Chip assay (Lu et al., 2013). Interestingly, CTCs expressing genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), viz. Wnt 5a, FOXP3, IGF1/2, EGFR and LETTER to the EDITOR

asian pacific journal of cancer prevention

Single Cell Analysis and Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Experience of an Observership at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, CSH and New York Presbyterian Hospital (Cornell Campus), New York