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SUMMARY Objective: The dental pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. The vitality of the dentin structure, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cell’s behavior. Dental pulp tissue has condensed stem cell activity. Dental pulp stem cells are multipotent stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Several publications have stressed the importance of the expression of pluripotentiality associated markers: the transcription factors Nanog, Sox2, Oct3/4, SSEA4, CD13, Stro1 are indispensable for the stem cells to divide indefinitely without affecting their differentiation potential (self renewal) capacity. Progesterone is a steroid hormone leading to menstrual cycle and gestation. There is a widespread rumor among people that pregnancy causes toothy loss. Method: So, progesterone was applied in different concentrations on human dental pulp cells in cell culture. Cell viability assay was applied 24 th hour later with trypan blue. RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and Real Time PCR analysis were applied on selected transcription factors ( Nanog and Oct4 (POU5F1) genes) which have role on steamness of stem cells.  Gene expression analyses results were correlated with the cell viability assay results. Results: Cell viability assay results were 80% viable in control, 82% viable in 7 ml progesterone application, 81% viable in 14 ml progesterone application, 83% viable in 21 ml progesterone application. Due to our findings, progesterone in different concentrations did not chance the cell viability in dental pulpa cells . On gene expression analyses, preliminary results supported that high concentrations of progesterone enhance the gene expressions of steamness genes ( Nanog, and Oct4) in dental pulp cells. Conclusions: So, progesterone did not change cell viability in high concentrations. We assume that progesterone did not affect apopitotic pathways on dental pulp cells. On the other hand, high gene expressions of Nanog, and Oct4 in high doses of progesterone represent the importance of progesterone hormone in dental pulp cells including stem cells maintenance. Key words: Dental pulp tissue, Stemness , Nanog, Oct4(POU5F1). OZET Amac: Dis pulpa disin merkezinde olan konnektif doku ve odontoblast hucrelerden olusan yapidir. Dis saglam veya yaralanmisken dentin yapisinin canliligina hucre sinyal aktivitelerine baglidir. Bu yapi yogun kok hucre aktivitesine sahiptir.  Dis pulpa kok hucreleri multipotent yapidadir ve bircok hucreye farklanir. Bircok yayin kok hucrelerin farklanmadan bolunme (self renewal) kapasitesi ile ilgili Nanog, Sox2, Oct¾, SSEA4, CD13, Stro1 gibi transkripsiyonel faktorlerinin onemini ortaya koymaktadir. Progesteron adet dongusu ve hamilelikte onemli bir hormondur. Halk arasinda hamileliklerin dis kaybina neden oldugu yonunde yaygin bir inanis vardir. Yontem: Progesterone hucre kulturundeki dis pulpa hucrelerine uygulandi. “Trypan blue” ile 24 saat sonrasi hucre yasamasi ile ilgili deney yapildi. RNA izolasyonu, c-DNA sentezi ve Real Time PCR analizi ile kok hucrelerin kokluluk ozelliklerini gosteren transkripsiyon faktorleri [ Nanog, ve Oct¾ (POU5F1) genleri] calisildi. Gen ekspresyon analizi sonuclari hucre yasamasi ile ilgili deney sonuclari ile karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Hucre canlilik oranini gosteren tripan blue testinde; kontrol hucrelerinde %80, 7 µl Progesteron uygulanan grupta %82, 14 µl Progesteron uygulanan grupta %81 ve 21 µl Progesteron eklenen grupta ise %83 oraninda canli hucre saptandi. Bu sonuclara gore, farkli konsantrasyonlarda progesteron dis pulpa hucrelerinin canlilik oranlarini degistirmemektedir. Gen ekspresyon analizlerinde ilk sonuclar yuksek doz progesteronun dis dokusunda kokluluk ile ilgili genlerin ( Nanog ve Oct¾) gen ekspresyonlarini arttirdigi, dental pulpa hucrelerini etkilediklerini ortaya koydu. Sonuc: Bu sonuclara gore Progesteron yuksek konsantrasyonlarda hucre canlilik oranini degistirmemektedir. Biz progesteronun dis pulpa hucrelerinde apopitotik yolaklari etkilemedigini dusunuyoruz. Diger taraftan Nanog ve Oct4 gen ekspresyonunun yuksek Progesteron konsantrasyonlarinda artmis olmasi kok hucreleri de iceren dental pulpa hucrelerinin devamliliginda progesteron varliginin onemini ortaya koymaktadir.  Anahtar sozcukler: Dis pulpa dokusu, Kokluluk, Nanog, Oct¾ (POU5F1).

Effect of progesterone hormon on cell viability and stem cell activation in dental pulp cells