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Exercise endurance is a reflection of how capable the heart, lungs and blood cells are of supplying oxygenated blood to muscle tissues that are exercised;[1] it also refers to the ability of muscles to use this oxygen to produce the necessary energy for movement.[1] Various factors affect the exercise endurance of an individual, such as abnormalities of the cardiovascular, haematological and pulmonary systems.[2] Untreated HIV infection can give rise to a cardiomyopathy which results in reduced exercise endurance and other complications of cardiac failure.[3] Exercise endurance can be measured objectively using different tests. Some tests assess the body systems involved in exercise performance while others focus on the exertion during exercise. Choosing a test should be based on the variables that need to be tested and the resources available.[4] Recently, there has been more interest shown in simple tests that link exercise testing to daily activities, such as walk tests.[5] Exercise can have an immense impact on the exercise endurance of chronically ill patients.[6] A study examining the effects of a hospitaland home-based exercise intervention on HIV-infected children in Miami, Florida, showed improvements in aerobic capacity and lean body mass from both exercise interventions.[7] Research on the effects of a home exercise programme (HEP) in children with HIV is limited worldwide; to date, there have been no South African studies in which a HEP has been used to improve exercise endurance in HIV-infected children. Hospital-based physiotherapists are unable to provide regular therapy to all children with HIV owing to shortages of staff at South African (SA) provincial hospitals,[8] and consequently there is growing interest in the effect that home-based treatment programmes have on the rehabilitation outcomes for these children. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a HEP on the exercise endurance of children infected with HIV. This was done by investigating the exercise endurance of children with HIV undergoing a 12-week HEP compared with the exercise endurance of children with HIV not receiving the HEP after the 12-week period. The change in exercise endurance from baseline to follow-up was also investigated within each group.

The effects of a home exercise programme on the exercise endurance of children infected with HIV