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In the 19 th century throughout Central Europe fl oods became increasingly intense; a similar situation pertained in the area of lake districts and the coastal zone. Maximum water levels recorded at the end of the 19 th century (particularly in the years 1888-1892) to the present day on many water- gauge stations (particularly those located in rivers' lower courses) were the highest ever observed. Yet in the half on 19 th century the need for regulation works became increasingly apparent. On the Pomeranian rivers these works began in 1860; they reached their greatest intensity in the fi rst twenty years of 20 th century. Regulation activity was conducted which led to a distinct shortening of riverbeds; on longer sec- tions of the river the reduction amounted from over 12 to 20 or more percent, in some places even 50%. It caused the aggravation of bottom erosion, and also lateral erosion, which was particularly apparent beneath the water power stations. In the last few decades the ending of work that interferes with the riverbed has resulted in the gradual restoration of the primary character of Wieprza River bed. It is also worth mentioning that even when notable fl oods have appeared (for example, in 1980), which were comparable to those that appeared at the end of 19th century, they did not lead to any fundamental change to any section of the Wieprza River bed geosystem.

Hydrotechnic structures on the Pomeranian rivers - a reaction to extreme hydrologic phenomena in the 19 century (in the example of the upper Wieprza)