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The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) today is considered a species of the Great Plains, whose range extends from the interior grasslands ofsouthern Canada to central Oklahoma and the northern Texas Panhandle, and is generally bordered by the Rocky Mountains to the west and the eastern deciduous woodlands (Bee et the species occurred throughout much of Texas, leaving fossil evidence as far south as the Edwards Plateau and parts ofthe GulfCoast (Dalquest and Schultz 1992; Graham 1987). The species retreated northward with the advent of increasingly arid climate during the Holocene. At least one isolated population, M. o. ludovicianus, was stranded during this time, and is known to have survived in extreme southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana until the earliest 1900s (Bailey 1905). Hibbard and Rinker (1943) reported a series of M. ochrogaster taken in 1942, which extended the known range ofthe prairie vole southward into Meade County of southwestern Kansas. The animals were found to be restricted to the few bogs and meadows, having survived increasing pressures ofagriculture and a recent drought. On the basis of these specimens, considered by them to represent a relictual population with distinct cranial characters and pale pelage colora-tion, they described M. o. taylori. Choate and Williams (1978) perfonned a mor-phometric analysis of the prairie vole, which included material reported on by Hibbard and Rinker (1943) as M. o. taylori. Each of their external body measurements and four of the seven cranial characters (skull length, zygomatic breadth, mastoidal breadth, and least interorbital breadth) exhibited significant geographic variation. While no geographic patterns were evident to suggest subspecific levels of differentiation, populations from the Dakotas to Kansas demonstrated a slight north-to-south elinal increase in size of cranial characters. Among their conclusions were that the population referred to as M. o. taylori by Hibbard and Rinker (1943) no longer exists. They hypothesized that either the type locality and vicinity was colonized by adjacent populations following extirpation of the original taylori stock by drought, or that genetic swamping enveloped the few remaining drought survivors. Consequently, in their view, all M. ochrogaster from the Central Plains (which would include all prairie voles of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and Okla-homa) should be assigned to the subspecies M. o. haydenii.

Historical zoogeography and taxonomic status of the prairie vole (Microtus Ochrogaster) from the southern plains of Texas and Oklahoma