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Este articulo pretende reflexionar sobre la relevancia del uso actual de un tipo particular de diseno experimental en Sociologia: los experimentos de orientacion teorica. Para ello, en primer lugar, repasa las caracteristicas basicas del metodo experimental. En segundo lugar, plantea la distincion entre experimentos sociologicos de orientacion empirica y experimentos sociologicos de orientacion teorica. La principal diferencia entre ambos disenos radica en que el primero pretende el estudio experimental de una situacion empirica concreta, mientras que el segundo tiene como objetivo poner a prueba una teoria, hipotesis teorica o mecanismo explicativo preexistentes. En tercer lugar, el articulo rechaza la necesidad de tomar en consideracion el problema de la validez extema cuando nos referimos a los experimentos de orientacion teorica. Por ultimo, y debido a la influencia determinante de la economia experimental en los experimentos sociologicos de orientacion teorica, se introducen dos aspectos metodologicos cruciales de los experimentos economicos: el uso de incentivos economicos y la prohibicion del engano. This article aims to consider the relevance of the present use of a particular experimental design in Sociology: theory-driven experiments. To this end, firstly, the basic characteristics of the experimental method are reviewed. Secondly, the distinction between empirical experiments and theory-driven experiments is posed. The main difference between both designs is that the first one aims to the experimental study of a certain empirical situation, whereas the aim of the second one is testing pre-existing theories, theoretical hypotheses or explicative mechanisms. Thirdly, when considering theory-driven experiments, the concern for external validity is rejected. Finally, and due to the crucial influence of experimental economics in sociological theory-driving experiments, two main methodological aspects of economic experiments are introduced: the use of monetary incentives and the problem of deception.

Experimentos de orientación teórica. Una discusión metodológica