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Endophytic fungi (which infect living tissues of plants and reside in them without causing any visible disease symptoms) were isolated from 19 seaweed and 10 seagrass species growing in Mandapam (Palk Bay, 9°16ˊN, 79°7ˊE), Keezhakarai (Palk Bay, 9°13ˊN, 78°46ˊE), Kodiyakkarai (Palk Strait, 10°16ˊN, 9°49ˊE) and Kovalam (Bay of Bengal, 8°22ˊN, 76°59ˊE) along the eastern coast of Tamilnadu state, southern India and screened for the production of chitinase and chitosanase enzymes. This study was done during July 2012December 2012. Of the 117 fungi screened, 14% was positive for chitinase, 41% was positive for chitosanase acting on chitosan of 56% degree of acetylation, 66% was positive for chitosanase acting on chitosan of degree of acetylation 38% and 56% was positive for chitosanase acting on chitosan of degree of acetylation 1.6%. Among the isolates, a Penicillium sp. and a Cladosporium sp. showed high chitinase activity. Presence of NaCl in the medium influenced the production and activity of chitinase and chitosanase. This study identifies for the first time endophytic fungi of marine plants as a novel source of chitin modifying enzymes which find use in food, cosmetics, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

Endophytic fungi of marine algae and seagrasses: a novel source of chitin modifying enzymes