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This explorative study advocates firm characteristics as potential drivers of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Research propositions stipulate the role of firm-specific variables in explaining the regional expansion of MENA companies through FDI. MENA companies in different sectors have increasingly invested in other countries in the region over the last years and this does not seem to be restricted to isolated cases. These regional investors are not dissuaded by the challenging economic and institutional conditions in MENA economies. Therefore, there is a need to understand what could possibly lead companies in MENA countries to invest in other markets in their region despite their unattractiveness for the outside investors. A set of eight propositions has been established to account for the potential role of firm-level variables in explaining this decision. Variables pertain to firm size, ownership advantages, productivity, networking capabilities, international experience, affiliation with homeland authorities, and leverage.

A reflective analysis of firm-level determinants of binary investments between MENA countries