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Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery The surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a well-established and routine procedure nowadays, the Jatene operation (arterial switch operation – ASO) being the treatment of choice for almost all cases of simple TGA and all other presentations, including TGA with ventricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis and aortic arch anomalies. In developing countries, issues like late presentation and lack of neonatal care infrastructure are problems faced on a daily basis. Certainly, that interferes with surgical results. It is also known that anatomical aspects impose morbidity for a child with TGA that requires an operation. Coronary artery anomalies are on the top of the list of anatomical abnormalities and can affect early and late results. Considering all of the coronary artery anomalies described, one of the most frightening types for surgical translocation are the coronaries with intramural course. In this edition of the Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mishra et al. report an alternative technique to deal with intramural coronaries in TGA patients. For a surgical team that is planning a Jatene operation, previous and detailed information about coronary arteries anatomy is essential for an adequate operative plan. Usually, transthoracic echocardiogram provides that information, but in some cases, the surgeon identifies the anomaly while operating, during the initial dissection of the great vessels or, more frequently, after opening and examining the aorta and the ostia. Identifying a coronary intramural course during the operation is not a desired situation. The surgeon has to decide the best correction and strategy under such a great and unexpected pressure. In their paper, Mishra et al had to deal with this situation in every case, which affords more importance and relevance to the surgical team, considering the adequate results achieved. There are many surgical techniques described in the literature to treat intramural coronary arteries during a Jatene operation. Almost all of them follow the philosophy of using the unroofing procedure for the intramural course and, often, separation of the coronary ostia, particularly when they arise very close to each other. Then, right and left coronaries (after being unroofed) are translocated to different spots at the neoaorta. The absence of preoperative diagnosis is not uncommon and may cause eventual lesion during coronary dissection in EDITORIAL

Intramural Coronary Artery Course in Jatene Operation for Transposition of Great Arteries: Still a Challenge