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A pitangueira ( Eugenia uniflora L.) e uma especie arborea, nativa do Bioma Mata Atlântica que, recentemente, tem sido explorada pelas industrias alimenticias, cosmeticas e medicinais. Para uma especie nativa ser explorada comercialmente, e necessario conhecimentos basicos de ecologia e genetica a fim de embasar estrategias de manejo e exploracao sustentavel. Esta revisao traz uma compilacao dos trabalhos realizados com pitangueira no periodo de 1960 a 2010. Os primeiros trabalhos realizados com a especie foram focados na caracterizacao taxonomica, buscando descritores especificos da especie que permitissem diferencia-las das outras especies do Genero. Os estudos ecologicos elucidaram a distribuicao e os mecanismos reprodutivos. A identificacao de compostos ativos de interesse para saude e cosmetica e tambem, para a qualidade dos frutos para a industria alimenticia, levou a exploracao comercial. A fim de aperfeicoar a producao, estudos relacionados a aspectos agronomicos tornaram-se essencias, entre estes foram realizados estudos para identificacao de genotipos superiores e desenvolvimento de tecnicas de plantio e manejo. Os trabalhos na area de genetica sao recentes, da ultima decada, e trazem informacoes de diversidade genetica das populacoes naturais de pitangueira do Brasil. A compilacao desses dados possibilitou observar que ha um forte interesse economico na especie. No entanto, os estudos realizados ate o momento, sao insuficientes para o entendimento da ecologia da especie. A exploracao economica, sem o conhecimento basico, pode comprometer o futuro da mesma. Isso podera ser evitado com a intensificacao de estudos na area de genetica, ecologia e manejo sustentavel de E. uniflora . Abstract The Surinam cherry ( Eugenia uniflora L.) is an arboreal species, native to the Atlantic Forest biome, which has recently been exploited by food and cosmetic industries and to the use as medicinal plant. For commercial exploitation of a native species is necessary basic knowledge of ecology and genetics in order to plane sustainable strategies of management. This review provides a compilation of scientific works with Surinam cherry in the period 1960 to 2010. The first studies with Surinam cherry were about taxonomic characterization. These works focused on find specific descriptors of the kind that enables us to distinguish them from other species of the genus. Ecological studies have elucidated the distribution and reproductive behavior of the Surinam cherry. The identification of active compounds of interest to cosmetics and health and quality of fruit for the food industry has led to commercial exploitation. In order to improve production, studies related to agronomic aspects become essential. Among these studies were conducted experiments to identify superior genotypes and development of techniques for planting and management. The works in genetics is recent, date of the last decade, and provide information of genetic diversity in natural populations of Surinam cherry in Brazil. The compilation of these data allowed observing that there is a strong economic interest in the species. However, the studies so far are insufficient for understanding the ecology of the species. The economic exploitation, without the basic knowledge, can compromise the future of the species. This can be avoided with the intensification of studies in genetics, ecology and sustainable management of Eugenia uniflora .

ambiência

Biologia experimental em Pitangueira: uma revisão de cinco décadas de publicações científicas / Experimental biology in pitangueira: a review of five decades of scientific publications