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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs, PEMFCs) with high efficiency and low environmental impact recently have attracted considerable interest. However, further improvement in performance and reliability is required to realize practical use of PEFCs as future power generation devices. To improve PEFC performance, an appropriate water balance between the water content and product water is a key technology. Loss of water content in the polymer electrolyte membrane decreases proton conductivity, thereby increasing the internal resistance of the cell. A PEFC basically consists of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and separators having flow fields with flow channels and ribs. The design parameters for the GDL, such as thickness, pore size distribution, and gas permeability play important roles in characterizing the gas flow and water management during PEFC operation[1]. In this chapter, 2D anisotropic modeling of a monolayer of the GDL substrate is carried out by comparing calculated and measured gas permeability with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)[2, 3] and through-plane/in-plane gas permeability measurements, respectively.

Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of the Gas Diffusion Layer of the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with the Aid of Air Permeability Measurements