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The disruption of the global climatic system as a result of human developmental activities is responsible for climate change concerns constituting a definitive issue for the 21st century. Stakeholders as varied as international organisations, governments, business, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the world’s population, are interested in this complex issue. Discussions on climate change are difficult due to the different interests of powerful stakeholders. This is particularly the case, where there is a direct clash in policy interests such as that between climate change and the energy sector. Policy makers are important in this context as the need to balance the interests of competing parties at the international and domestic arena, means there is a need to achieve a modicum of consensus say between developed country consumers and poor developing countries. While climate change policy is primarily driven at international level due to the integrated nature of the global ecosystem, the centrality of nation states means that any meaningful analysis of the topic requires national perspectives. Climate change refers to the altered response of the climatic system to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.1 Scientific convergence, despite some skeptics, indicates that a notable increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and land mass will result in devastating weather pattern shifts causing loss of biodiversity, heat waves, drought, rising sea level, human migration, decreased agricultural yields, etc.2 Climate change policy concerns specific guidelines or strategies formulated at the international, national, or even local level to address climate change. This can be climate mitigation focused on minimising the extent of climate change; or climate adaptation that tries to minimise risks posed by the consequences of climate change. Energy policy, on the other hand, is concerned with the way and manner energy development

Chapter 4: Bridging the gap between climate change and energy policy options: what next for Nigeria?