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To meet the increasing demand for high-speed data services, modern wireless networks require efficient use of the frequency spectrum. One key limit to spectrum efficiency is half-duplex communication in which a node either transmits or receives in a single channel usage. The objective of this investigation is to determine the feasibility of using backscatter modulation for full-duplex communications in which a node transmits and receives at the same time and on the same carrier. Our concept of backscatter modulation is predicated upon the concept that node A sends a coded signal to node B. Node B receives the signal, decodes its message, changes the antenna characteristics to modify the signal, and simply reflects the signal back to node A at the same time. Since node A knows the signal that was initially sent, it can extract its own message after correcting for the channel effect. A testing platform capable of creating the backscattermodulated phenomenon is constructed using off-the-shelf components. Software programs are used to emulate the system in an effort to simulate possible problems that will limit the performance of the system. Findings from our over-the-air experiments, simulations, and related analyses demonstrate the following two results. First, if we use PSK modulation at the nodes A and B, the backscattered signal—a network-coded combination of the messages sent by node A and node B—can be decoded by node B. Second, we can optimize the backscatter radio efficiency at the expense of a relatively small reduction (< 1 dB) of the absorbed power by the demodulation. The two combined results allow us to conclude that there are potentially significant benefits to be gained from including full-duplex BM in indoor communication systems.

Backscatter Modulation in Full-Duplex Two-Way Wireless Communications