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Seeding studies were conducted on two roadsides and one farm site to evaluate the effectiveness of various seed mixtures on the rapidity of establishment. Fall seedings performed better than spring seedings with the latter having severe weed problems. In June seedings seed mixtures containing warm season grasses and legumes provided more rapid cover than cool season grass mixtures. A soil temperature study was conducted on north and south facing slopes using mulched and non-mulched plots. The maximum temperature observed was 51°C at 2 p.m. on July 13 on the south slope's surface. A straw mulch modified the temperature by an average of 5°C. The north facing slope averaged 5°C cooler than the southern exposure. Laboratory studies were conducted using pregerminated seed of 12 common herbaceous erosion control species. Negligible growth occurred at 47°C. Radicle growth was slight between 12 and 17°C. Optimal growth occurred at 22°C for Lolium multif lorum Lam , (annual ryegrass), at 27°C for Bromus inermis Leyss. (smooth bromegrass) , and at 32°C for Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) , Andropogon gerardii Vitman. (blue bluestem) , and Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. (Korean lespedeza) . In the other species optimal growth occurred over the 22-32°C range. The potential use of prairie vegetation was investigated. Influence of cold soaking treatments of seeds was compared for prairie species and standard highway species. In the second year after seeding, mixtures containing warm season grasses and legumes (especially Medicago sativa (alfalfa)) performed the best. The current and previously used highway mixes had very little growth, especially on plots which were not fertilized. Prairie forbs contribuged only slightly to cover.

Techniques to Increase Survival of New Highway Plantings (Seeding Portion)