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The PHENIX Collaboration has measured low momentum direct photon radiation in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 39 GeV, in Cu+Cu at 200 GeV as well as in p+p, p+Au and d+Au at root S-NN = 200 GeV. In these measurements, PHENIX has discovered a large excess over the scaled p+p yield of direct photons in A+A collisions, and a non-zero excess, observed within systematic uncertainties, over the scaled p+p yield in central p+A collisions. Another finding is that at low-p(T), the integrated yield of direct photons, dN(gamma)/dy, from large systems shows a behavior of universal scaling as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, (dN(ch)/d eta)(alpha), with alpha = 1.25, which means that the photon production yield increases faster than the charged-particle multiplicity.

acta physica polonica. b, proceedings supplement

PHENIX Measurements of Low Momentum Direct Photon Radiation from Large and Small Systems in (Ultra)Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions: Direct Photon Scaling