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Sepsis is a common serious public health problem that may be fatal (1). Worldwide incidence studies have revealed an incidence of 300,000 cases per 100,000 population for the disease (2, 3). On the other hand, there is a consensus on the fact that its incidence increases due to the aging population with multiple infectious comorbidities, increasing use of immunosuppressive treatment, and high-risk interventions (4, 5). Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms as well as their rapid and accurate identification play a critical role in reducing the incidence of bloodstream infections (6, 7). Bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae family, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, cause serious bloodstream infections. Increased antibiotic resistance rates of these microorganisms create concerns with respect to public health (8, 9). Carbapenem resistance bacteria has emerged as an important public health problem due to high mortality, length of hospital stay and high hospital cost (10). Because it is seen that carbapenems are ineffective used in severe bacteremic infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (11). The reason for the ineffectiveness of carbapenems is the hydrolysis enzymes (carbapenemase) of Gramnegative bacteria (12). The most widely known carbapenemase are classified as KPC (Ambler class A), NDM and VIM (Ambler class B; metallo-βlactamases, MBLs) and OXA-48 (Ambler class D) (12). OXA-48, was first described in a K. pneumoniae in Turkey (13). OXA-48 producing bacteria were reported from different parts of the world (14, 15). In addition, the imipenemase (IMP) enzyme encoded by the blaIMP gene was first described in the MBLs class in Japan (16). Later, it was detected less frequently in Enterobactericeae in England and Europe (17). ABSTRACT

Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Blood Culture Samples