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1. Basic concept The description of the Ukrainian system of laws concerning the problem of the Chernobyl catastrophe should begin with a quote from a document of general character, "Concept of population residence on the territories of Ukrainian SSR with increased levels of radioactive contamination as a result of the Chernobyl accident." This document, small in volume, was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of Ukrainian SSR on February 27, 1991. It was planned that this Concept would provide for the decrease of negative influences on public health from the Chernobyl accident. The main principle of the Concept is as follows: for the critical group of population-children born in 1986-the effective exposure dose due to the Chernobyl accident should not exceed 1 mSv per year or 70 mSv for life in any specific environment. The Concept states that "the situation on the contaminated territories demonstrates low effectiveness of countermeasures aimed at eliminating harmful effects of radiation on the health of people," and, therefore, "evacuation of people from these territories is of particular importance." In the Concept, the soil density of radioactive contamination (deposition) is considered to be a temporary (until individual effective dose is identified) criterion for making a decision on resettlement. As it is impossible to resettle a great number of people simultaneously, the Concept presumes "a principle of differentiated, step-by-step resettlement" as follows: Stage I-obligatory resettlement-is practiced on the territories with cesium deposition above 555 kBq/m2, above 111 kBq/m2 for strontium deposition, or above 3.7 kBq/m2 for plutonium, where residence of people under those conditions can cause an additional effective exposure dose exceeding 5 mSv per year, which is dangerous for health. Stage II-guaranteed voluntary resettlementis practiced on the territories with cesium deposition from 185 to 555 kBq/m2, with strontium from 5.55 to 111 kBq/m2, or with plutonium from 0.37 to 3.7 kBq/m2, where residence of the population under those conditions can cause an additional effective exposure dose exceeding 1 *オ レグ ・ナ ス ビ ッ ト , **今 中哲 二 *1Institute of Hydrobiology , National Academy of Sciences

Legislation in Ukraine to Manage the Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident.