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The aims of this work were to study the germination characteristics (under controlled conditions of light and temperature and using different pretreatments for promoting germination ) and variability of Ceratonia siliqua seeds. Seed collected from differentindividualtreesweretested.Constant(10ºC,15ºC,20ºC,25ºC)andalternating25/15ºCtemperatureregimesand16/8 hlight/darkphotoperiodconditionswereused.Mechanicalscarification,dryheat,boilingwater,sulphuricacid,soakingindis - tilledwaterandsoakingingibberellicacidsolutionwereusedaspresowingtreatmentsappliedforenhancinggermination.The untreatedseedsshowedadeepdormancyatalltemperatureregimesassayed(finalgerminationpercentagesrangedfrom23to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively). Therefore, the impermeability to water of the seed coat (physical dormancy) seems to be the most importantcausesoftheseeddormancypresentinthisspecies.Greatvariabilityinseedweight,seedwatercontentandgermi- nation parameters were found among seeds belonging to different individual trees. Significant differences between different individual trees under the same incubation temperature were detected for seed germination (final germination percentage rangedfrom7to50%).However,germinationrate(asexpressedbymeangerminationtime)wasrelativelysimilaramongseeds fromdifferenttrees.Anegativesignificantrelationshipbetweenseedweightandfinalgerminationpercentagewasfound:the lightest seeds reached the highest germination percentages. Moreover , seed weight showed a positive significant correlation

Germination characteristics and intrapopulation variation in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds