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The actual evapotranspiration (ETc) of mature ‘Valencia’ orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], drip-irrigated and non-irrigated, was calculated using the water balance method, over three years. Annual ETc was 24% higher from irrigated trees that from non irrigated trees (767 and 620 mm year -1 , respectively). Maximum monthly average ETc was 3.3 mm day -1 or 80 L tree -1 day -1 (trees were spaced at 6 × 4 m). Generally ETc rate was reduced in January, the month of maximum atmospheric demand, compared with December, even under fully irrigated trees. The average annual value of the crop coefficient (Kc) for irrigated trees was 0.69. Monthly Kc values also showed a clear seasonal trend, with minimum values in summer (0.60), intermediate values in autumn and spring (0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and maximum values in winter (0.87). These values provide a useful base for the design and operation of microirrigation systems, for mature citrus trees in Uruguay. Additional key words: evapotranspiration, irrigation, micro-irrigation, ‘Valencia’ oranges, water mass balance. Resumen Balance hidrico y estimacion del coeficiente de cultivo en un huerto de citricos en Uruguay Se estimo la evapotranspiracion real de arboles de naranjo ‘Valencia’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], sin riego y regados por goteo, mediante la metodologia del balance hidrico, durante tres anos. La ETc fue 24% mayor en los arboles regados que en los de secano (767 y 620 mm anuales, respectivamente). La evapotranspiracion media en el mes de maxima demanda fue de 3,3 mm dia -1 o 80 L arbol -1 dia -1 (para un marco de plantacion de 6 × 4 m, 24 m 2 ). Se repitio sistematicamente que la tasa de ETc tuvo un descenso en enero, mes de maxima demanda atmosferica, comparado con diciembre, aun en los arboles bien regados. El coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) promedio anual para los arboles regados fue 0,69. Se encontro un claro y sistematico comportamiento estacional, con valores minimos del Kc en verano (0,60) intermedios en otono y primavera (0,77 y 0,80, respectivamente) y maximos en el invierno (0,87). Estos valores deberian ser la base para el diseno y la operacion de sistemas de riego localizado para explotaciones de citricos adultos en Uruguay. Palabras clave adicionales: balance de agua, evapotranspiracion, naranjos ‘Valencia’, riego, riego localizado.

Water balance and crop coefficient estimation of a citrus orchard in Uruguay