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Aim of study : The invasive trees Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia are widely spreading in inner Spain riparian forests, where they co-occur with the natives Fraxinus angustifolia and Ulmus minor . In a climate change context, we aimed to identify some of the species traits that are leading these species to success (Basal Area Increment (BAI) and water-use efficiency ( i WUE)).  We also aimed to describe the main environmental variables controlling studied species BAI.  Area of study : Riparian forests of centralSpain. Material and Methods : We measured tree-ring width and converted it to basal area increment (BAI); intrinsic water-use efficiency ( i WUE) was estimated from tree ring carbon isotopes (δ 13 C). We compared the BAI and i WUE of the last 20 years between origins (native vs exotic) and among species. For each species, we evaluated i WUE and BAI relationships. Linear mixed-effect models were performed to identify the main environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, river flow) affecting BAI. Main result : Native trees showed higher mean BAI than invaders, mainly due to the rising growth rate of U. minor . Invaders showed higher mean i WUE than natives. We did not find significant correlations between i WUE and BAI in any case. Warm temperatures in autumn positively affected the BAI of the natives, but negatively that of the invaders. Research highlights : The contrasting effect of autumn temperatures on native and invasive species BAI suggests that invaders will be more hampered by the rising temperatures predicted for this century. The higher i WUE found for the invaders did not translate into increased radial growth, suggesting that drought stress may have prevented them of taking advantage of increased atmospheric CO 2 for a faster growth. These findings point out that neither climate change nor rising CO 2 seem to enhance the success of study invasive species over the natives in riparian forests of central Spain. Furthermore, the low BAI of R. pseudoacacia , and its climate-growth model suggest that climate change may especially hamper the success of this invader. Key words: Invasive plants; Mediterranean ecosystems; Ulmus minor; Fraxinus angustifolia; Ailanthus altissima ; Robinia pseudoacacia ; basal area increment.

Contrasting secondary growth and water use efficiency patterns in native and exotic trees co-occurring in inner Spain riparian forests