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Enquanto na America Espanhola os conquistadores ja encontraram ouro quando chegaram, no Brasil os minerios nao foram encontrados imediatamente. Os primeiros registros, em torno de 1570, apontam a regiao de Paranagua, Guaraquecaba e Cananeia, na capitania de Sao Vicente, como as primeiras minas cartografadas no novo territorio portugues. Ate a descoberta dos garimpos de Vila Rica em Minas Gerais, em torno de 1680, a producao de ouro, que nunca chegou a ser grande, foi totalmente concentrada na Capitania de Sao Vicente, no territorio que hoje e o Parana. Muitas vilas e cidades devem sua fundacao aos eventos de mineracao dessa epoca. Com o inicio do ciclo do ouro em Minas Gerais, uma forte migracao aconteceu, deslocando grandes contingentes da populacao e relegando a regiao do Parana ao abandono. Apesar das graves consequencias sociais e economicas dessa mudanca, e possivel tracar a relevância da atividade mineradora para o Parana durante o seculo XVII. A presenca dos garimpeiros como catalisadores de povoamento e dominio territorial e ressaltada. Alem disso, sua capacidade de prospeccao de minerios abriu caminho para futuras mineracoes sistematicas. A experiencia de aprendizagem de quase um seculo fez do Parana uma especie de prototipo para que se desenvolvesse a tecnologia necessaria a se aplicar em outras regioes. PARANAS MEANING IN THE XVII TH CENTURY BRAZILIAN MINING HISTORY Abstract Differently from Hispanic America, where conquerors found gold as they arrived, in Brazil the first signs of alluvial occurrences only appeared in Paranagua, Guaraquecaba and Cananeia, in the Captaincy of Sao Vicente in the 1570s. Until new placers settled in Vila Rica, Minas Gerais in 1680, the reduced gold production in the Portuguese America was restricted to the territory that now corresponds to the Sate of Parana, where a number of villages and towns spread around mining nuclei. By the beginning of the 18th Century, the migration flow of adventurers and prospectors had already shifted to the hinterlands of Minas Gerais and Goias, where production was more intense. The former 17th Century represented a cycle of prosperity in Parana, and gold exploitation was exclusively alluvial. The main nuclei of pioneers, at first Paranagua, Guaraquecaba, and later Morretes, Porto de Cima and Sao Joao da Graciosa, seem to have been settled by hunters of slaves in their dreams of fast enrichment. Other nuclei were present westward over Serra do Mar Range, namely Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Curitiba, Ferraria, Bateias and Ouro Fino. Exploitation was in almost all cases related to secondary deposits. It was in Bateias and Ferraria that exploitation from outcropping quartz veins began. There, mining works such as reject piles underwent tailing production much later in the 20th Century. Placering seems to have never been totally abandoned, as occasional miners are still found in Guaraquecaba and in the surroundings of Paranagua. In spite of the discontinuing shock, the relevance of that period cannot be minimised, for the search for metals and enrichment brought about the progress seed to the mining areas as the presence of miners catalysed land occupation. In some cases, indicators left by the first prospectors were later incorporated into the systematic work of mining companies. Of no lesser importance is the fact that the experience gained by pioneers was important for the discovery and exploitation of new resources in Minas Gerais and Goias. It took them a century of experience to develop the prospection technology necessary.

O PARANÁ NA HISTÓRIA DA MINERAÇÃO NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XVII