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Xylaria is the type genus of Xylariaceae (STADLER et al., 2013). Xylaria species produce dark carbonaceous stromata, perithecial ascomata, cylindrical asci with an apical ring and pigmented ascospores with a germ slit (ROGERS & SAMUELS, 1986). Members of Xylaria grow mainly on wood, but also on litter, fruits, dead palm leaves, seeds, dung and even on ant nests (HSIEH et al., 2010; ROGERS et al., 2005). Xylaria species are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and also in temperate zones (ROGERS et al., 2005). In Brazil, many taxa has been described or reported – for an historical summary of the knowledge about Xylaria in Brazil see TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA et al. (2009). From the State of Parana 22 species of Xylaria were reported by (MEIJER, 2006) especially in Curitiba and Coastal regions of the State. In order to improve the knowledge about Xylariaceae from Western region of Parana State, a survey of the family was carried (CRUZ & CORTEZ, 2015), and in this contribution are presented the results dealing with the genus Xylaria.

<htm><I>Xylaria</I> (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) in the Parque Estadual de São Camilo, Paraná, Brazil </HTM>