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The concept of pain has remained a topic of long debate since its emergence in ancient times. The history of pain problems is as long as that of human beings; however, the understanding of pain mechanisms is still far from sufficient. Avicenna who was a Muslim philosopher and physician noted that, in disease, pain can dissociate from touch or temperature recognition, and proposed pain to be an independent sensation so that Avicenna was first to recognize pain as a discrete and separate sense. By the mid twentieth century, the biased methodology of researching pain mechanisms left many questions unanswered when it came to pain conditions occurring in the absence of seemingly inappropriate stimulus. As such, Melzack and Wall developed the Gate Control theory (GCT) of pain in the 1965 which combined aspects of previous theories. This theory offered a physiological explanation for the previously observed effect of psychology on pain perception. In the early 2000s, the mystery of association of psychological or physical stres with chronic pain syndromes, attracted the attention. Then the neuromatrix theory of pain proposed by Melzack provides a new conceptual frame work to examine these problems. The explanation of Ibn Sina as “nerves carry nociceptive pain sensations to the brain which itself acts as the organisational centre and subsequent source of the painful feeling experienced by the patient” in the year 1000 is similar to the explanation of Melzack as “brain has a very important dynamic role in the formation of pain” in the year 2000.

History of Pain: From Avicenna to Melzack and the Future: Review