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State machines are an established formalism for specifying the behavior of a software component. Unfortunately, such design models often do not exist at all, especially for legacy code, or they are lost or not kept up to date during software evolution – although they would be very helpful for program comprehension. Therefore, it is desirable to extract state machine models from code and also from legacy models. The few existing approaches for that – when applied to real-world systems written in C – deliver models that are too complex for being comprehensible to humans. This is mainly because C functions are typically much longer than object oriented methods, for which these approaches were originally intended. In this paper, we propose and investigate different measures to reduce the complexity of such mined models to an understandable degree. Since the code alone does not contain all required information for abstraction, user interaction is essential. Also, different users will be interested in different aspects of the code. Therefore, we introduce several possibilities for influencing the state machine extraction process, such as providing additional constraints for reducing the state space. We show the effectiveness of these interactions in several case studies. The combination of these interactions gives the user a rich set of possibilities for exploring the functionality of the software.

Towards Interactive Mining of Understandable State Machine Models from Embedded Software