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The ever-increasing interest in developing commercial-scale geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration (GCS) has sparked an intense debate about the ownership and commercial use of pore space. To geologically sequester CO2 in deep saline formations, the gas is compressed to a supercritical fluid and injected approximately a kilometer or deeper into the microscopic pore space in deep subsurface rock matrixes. Injected CO2 flows through and fills the pore spaces in permeable layers of the rock matrix, while its upward migration is prevented by less permeable rock layers. Depending on the formation geology and the depth, porosity, and permeability of the injection zone, sequestered CO2 from a single project could potentially spread over hundreds to thousands of square kilometers, and subsurface pressure effects could be felt over an even greater area. Carbonaceous shales, such as the Marcellus, are also a possible target for geologic CO2 sequestration. Because carbon adsorbs carbon dioxide at a greater rate than methane, CO2 injected into the formation for GCS could theoretically be used to recover additional natural gas in a process analogous to enhanced coal bed methane recovery, though the practical value of this technique is not yet known. Scientists believe that adsorption would allow sequestration at shallower depths than absorption in deep saline formations, which must be at least 800 meters (2,600 feet) below the surface to maintain liquid CO2 in a supercritical state. Current resource estimates for sequestration in deep saline formations do not account for reduced capacity due to conflicting uses of pore space, such as

LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL MODELS FOR PORE-SPACE ACCESS AND USE FOR GEOLOGIC CO2 SEQUESTRATION