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. This paper is an extended version of our paper presented at the 2016 TORQUE conference (Shapiro et al., 2016).We investigate the use of wind farms to provide secondary frequencyregulation for a power grid using a model-based receding horizon controlframework. In order to enable real-time implementation, the control actionsare computed based on a time-varying one-dimensional wake model. This modeldescribes wake advection and wake interactions, both of which play animportant role in wind farm power production. In order to test the controlstrategy, it is implemented in a large-eddy simulation (LES) model of an84-turbine wind farm using the actuator disk turbine representation.Rotor-averaged velocity measurements at each turbine are used to providefeedback for error correction. The importance of including the dynamics ofwake advection in the underlying wake model is tested by comparing theperformance of this dynamic-model control approach to a comparablestatic-model control approach that relies on a modified Jensen model. Wecompare the performance of both control approaches using two types ofregulation signals, “RegA” and “RegD”, which are used by PJM, anindependent system operator in the eastern United States. The poorperformance of the static-model control relative to the dynamic-model controldemonstrates that modeling the dynamics of wake advection is key to providingthe proposed type of model-based coordinated control of large wind farms. Wefurther explore the performance of the dynamic-model control via compositeperformance scores used by PJM to qualify plants for regulation services or markets. Our resultsdemonstrate that the dynamic-model-controlled wind farm consistently performswell, passing the qualification threshold for all fast-acting RegD signals.For the RegA signal, which changes over slower timescales, the dynamic-modelcontrol leads to average performance that surpasses the qualificationthreshold, but further work is needed to enable this controlled wind farm toachieve qualifying performance for all regulation signals.

Wind farms providing secondary frequency regulation: evaluating the performance of model-based receding horizon control