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Climatic time series for Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau locations\udare rare. Although glacier shrinkage is well described, the relationship\udbetween mass balance and climatic variation is less clear. We studied the\udeffect of climate changes on mass balance by analyzing the complex principal\udcomponents of mass changes during 2003–2015 using Gravity Recovery and\udClimate Experiment satellite data. Mass change in the eastern Himalayas,\udKarakoram, Pamirs, and northwestern India was most sensitive to variation in\udthe first principal component, which explained 54 % of the change.\udCorrelation analysis showed that the first principal component is related to\udthe Indian monsoon and the correlation coefficient is 0.83. Mass change on\udthe eastern Qinghai plateau, eastern Himalayas–Qiangtang Plateau–Pamirs area and\udnorthwestern India was most sensitive to variation of the second major\udfactor, which explained 16 % of the variation. The second major component is\udassociated with El Niño; the correlation coefficient was 0.30 and this\udexceeded the 95 % confidence interval of 0.17. Mass change on the western\udand northwestern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau was most sensitive to the variation\udof its third major component, responsible for 6 % of mass balance change.\udThe third component may be associated with climate change from the\udwesterlies and La Niña. The third component and El Niño have similar\udsignals of 6.5 year periods and opposite phases. We conclude that El\udNiño now has the second largest effect on mass balance change of this\udregion, which differs from the traditional view that the westerlies are the\udsecond largest factor

Complex principal component analysis of mass balance changes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau