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We assess the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) to sea\udlevel change. We use the mass budget method, which quantifies ice sheet mass\udbalance (MB) as the difference between surface mass balance (SMB) and solid\udice discharge across the grounding line (D). A comparison with independent\udgravity change observations from GRACE shows good agreement for the\udoverlapping period 2002–2015, giving confidence in the partitioning of recent\udGrIS mass changes. The estimated 1995 value of D and the 1958–1995 average\udvalue of SMB are similar at 411 and 418 Gt yr−1,\udrespectively, suggesting that ice flow in the mid-1990s was well adjusted\udto the average annual mass input, reminiscent of an ice sheet in approximate\udbalance. Starting in the early to mid-1990s, SMB decreased while D\udincreased, leading to quasi-persistent negative MB. About 60 % of the\udassociated mass loss since 1991 is caused by changes in SMB and the remainder\udby D. The decrease in SMB is fully driven by an increase in surface melt and\udsubsequent meltwater runoff, which is slightly compensated by a small ( <  3 %) increase in snowfall.\udThe excess runoff originates from low-lying ( <  2000 m a.s.l.) parts of the ice sheet; higher up, increased refreezing\udprevents runoff of meltwater from occurring, at the expense of increased firn\udtemperatures and depleted pore space. With a 1991–2015 average annual mass\udloss of  ∼  0.47 ± 0.23 mm sea level equivalent (SLE) and a peak\udcontribution of 1.2 mm SLE in 2012, the GrIS has recently become a major\udsource of global mean sea level rise

On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change