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Seasonally variable thermal conductivity in active layersis one important factor that controls the thermal state of permafrost. Thecommon assumption is that this conductivity is considerably lower in thethawed than in the frozen state, λt/λf < 1.Using a 9-year dataset from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) inconjunction with the GEOtop model, we demonstrate that the ratio λt/λf may approach or even exceed 1. This can happen inthick (> 1.5 m) active layers with strong seasonal total watercontent changes in the regions with summer-monsoon-dominated precipitationpattern. The conductivity ratio can be further increased by typical soilarchitectures that may lead to a dry interlayer. The unique pattern of soilhydraulic and thermal dynamics in the active layer can be one importantcontributor for the rapid permafrost warming at the study site. Thesefindings suggest that, given the increase in air temperature andprecipitation, soil hydraulic properties, particularly soil architecture inthose thick active layers must be properly taken into account in permafrostmodels

Effects of stratified active layers on high-altitude permafrost warming: a case study on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau