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. The short-term dynamics of carbon and water fluxesacross the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum are still not fully understood.One important constraint is the lack of methodologies that enablesimultaneous measurements of soil CO2 concentration and respectiveisotopic composition at a high temporal resolution for longer periods oftime. δ13C of soil CO2 can be used to deriveinformation on the origin and physiological history of carbon, and δ18O in soil CO2 aids in inferring the interactionbetween CO2 and soil water. We established a real-time method formeasuring soil CO2 concentration, δ13C and δ18O values across a soil profile at higher temporalresolutions (0.05–0.1 Hz) using an off-axis integrated cavity outputspectroscopy (OA-ICOS). We also developed acalibration method correcting for the sensitivity of the device againstconcentration-dependent shifts in δ13C and δ18O values under highly varying CO2 concentration. The deviations ofmeasured data were modelled, and a mathematical correction model wasdeveloped and applied for correcting the shift. By coupling an OA-ICOS withhydrophobic but gas-permeable membranes placed at different depths in acidicand calcareous soils, we investigated the contribution of abiotic and bioticcomponents to total soil CO2 release. We found that in thecalcareous Gleysol, CO2 originating from carbonate dissolutioncontributed to the total soil CO2 concentration at detectabledegrees, potentially due to CO2 evasion from groundwater. The 13C - CO2 of topsoil at the calcareous soil site was foundreflect δ13C values of atmospheric CO2 , and the δ13C of topsoil CO2 at the acidic soil site wasrepresentative of the biological respiratory processes. δ18O values of CO2 in both sites reflected the δ18O ofsoil water across most of the depth profile, except for the 80 cm depth atthe calcareous site where a relative enrichment in 18O wasobserved.

soil

Application of a laser-based spectrometer for continuous in situ measurements of stable isotopes of soil CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in calcareous and acidic soils