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. The Near East North Africa (NENA) region spans over 14 % of thetotal surface of the Earth and hosts 10 % of its population. Soils of theNENA region are mostly highly vulnerable to degradation, and future food securitywill much depend on sustainable agricultural measures. Weather variability,drought and depleting vegetation are dominant causes of the decline in soilorganic carbon (SOC). In this work the status of SOC was studied, using aland capability model and soil mapping. The land capability model showed thatmost NENA countries and territories (17 out of 20) suffer from low productive lands(&gt; 80 %). Stocks of SOC were mapped (1:5 000 000) intopsoils (0–0.30 m) and subsoils (0.30–1 m). The maps showed that69 % of soil resources are shown to have a stock of SOC below the threshold of30 tons ha−1. The stocks varied between ≈10 tons ha−1in shrublands and 60 tons ha−1 for evergreen forests. Highest stockswere found in forests, irrigated crops, mixed orchards and saline floodedvegetation. The stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) were higher than thoseof SOC. In subsoils, the SIC ranged between 25 and 450 tons ha−1,against 20 to 45 tons ha−1 for SOC. Results highlight the contributionof the NENA region to global SOC stock in the topsoil (4.1 %). The paper alsodiscusses agricultural practices that are favorable to carbon sequestrationsuch as organic amendment, no till or minimum tillage, crop rotation andmulching and the constraints caused by geomorphological and climaticconditions. The effects of crop rotations on SOC are related to the amountsof above and belowground biomass produced and retained in the system. Someknowledge gaps exist, especially in aspects related to the impact of climatechange and effect of irrigation on SOC, and on SIC at the level of the soilprofile and soil landscape. Still, major constraints facing soil carbonsequestration are policy-relevant and socioeconomic in nature, rather thanscientific.

Challenges of soil carbon sequestration in the NENA region