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Lava dome eruptions subjected to high extrusion rates commonly evolve fromendogenous to exogenous growth and limits to their structural stability holdcatastrophic potential as explosive eruption triggers. In the conduit,strain localisation in magma, accompanied by seismogenic failure, marks theonset of brittle magma ascent dynamics. The rock record of exogenous domestructures preserves vestiges of cataclastic processes and thermalanomalies, key to unravelling subsurface processes. Here, a combinedstructural, thermal and magnetic investigation of a shear band crosscuttinga large block erupted in 2010 at Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV) revealsevidence of faulting and frictional melting within the magmatic column. Themineralogy of this pseudotachylyte vein offers confirmation of completerecrystallisation, altering the structure, porosity and permeability of thematerial, and the magnetic signature typifies local electric currents infaults. Such melting events may be linked to the step-wise extrusion ofmagma accompanied by repetitive long-period (LP) drumbeat seismicity at SHV.Frictional melting of Soufrière Hills andesite in a high velocity rotaryshear apparatus highlights the small slip distances (< 15 cm) thought to be required to bring 800 °C magma to melting point at upper conduitstress conditions (10 MPa). We conclude that frictional melting is a commonconsequence of seismogenic magma fracture during dome building eruptions andthat it may govern the ascent of magma in the upper conduit

Seismogenic frictional melting in the magmatic column