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. Thecoastal Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and coastal sea off the Korean Peninsula (CSK)both suffer from human-induced eutrophication. We used a nitrogen (N) massbalance model in two different regions with different nitrogen input sourcesto estimate organic carbon fluxes and predict future carbon fluxes underdifferent model scenarios. The coastal GOM receives nitrogen predominantlyfrom the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers and atmospheric nitrogendeposition is only a minor component in this region. In the CSK, groundwaterand atmospheric nitrogen deposition are more important controlling factors.Our model includes the fluxes of nitrogen to the ocean from the atmosphere,groundwater and rivers, based on observational and literature data, andidentifies three zones (brown, green and blue waters) in the coastal GOM andCSK with different productivity and carbon fluxes. Based on our modelresults, the potential primary production rate in the inner (brown water)zone are over 2 gC m−2 d−1 (GOM) and 1.5 gC m−2 d−1(CSK). In the middle (green water) zone, potential production is from 0.1 to2 (GOM) and 0.3 to 1.5 gC m−2 d−1 (CSK). In the offshore (bluewater) zone, productivity is less than 0.1 (GOM) and 0.3(CSK) gC m−2 d−1. Through our model scenario results, overalloxygen demand in the GOM will increase approximately 21 % if we fail toreduce riverine N input, likely increasing considerably the area affected byhypoxia. Comparing the results from the USA with those from the KoreanPeninsula shows the importance of considering both riverine and atmosphericinputs of nitrogen. This has direct implications for investigating howchanges in energy technologies can lead to changes in the production ofvarious atmospheric contaminants that affect air quality, climate and thehealth of local populations.

ocean science

Implications of different nitrogen input sources for potential production and carbon flux estimates in the coastal Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Korean Peninsula coastal waters