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. Conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) transects across continentalslope of the Eurasian Basin and the St. Anna Trough performed duringNABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) project in2002–2015 and a transect from the 1996 Polarstern expedition areused to describe the temperature and salinity characteristics andvolume flow rates (volume transports) of the current carrying theAtlantic water (AW) in the Arctic Ocean. The variability of the AWon its pathway along the slope of the Eurasian Basin isinvestigated. A dynamic Fram Strait branch of the Atlantic water(FSBW) is identified in all transects, including two transects inthe Makarov Basin (along 159 ∘  E), while the cold waters onthe eastern transects along 126, 142, and159 ∘  E, which can be associated with the influence of theBarents Sea branch of the Atlantic water (BSBW), were observed inthe depth range below 800  m  and had a negligible effect onthe spatial structure of isopycnic surfaces. The geostrophic volumetransport of AW decreases farther away from the areas of the AWinflow to the Eurasian Basin, decreasing by 1 order of magnitudein the Makarov Basin at 159 ∘  E, implying that the majorpart of the AW entering the Arctic Ocean circulates cyclonicallywithin the Nansen and Amundsen basins. There is an absolute maximumof  θmax  (AW core temperature) in 2006–2008 timeseries and a maximum in 2013, but only at 103 ∘  E. Salinity S(θmax)  (AW core salinity) time series displaya trend of an increase in AW salinity over time, which can be referredto as an AW salinization in the early 2000s. The maxima of  θmax  and  S(θmax)  in 2006 and 2013 areaccompanied by the volume transport maxima. The time averagegeostrophic volume transports of AW are 0.5  Sv  in thelongitude range 31–92 ∘  E, 0.8  Sv  in the St. AnnaTrough, and 1.1  Sv  in the longitude range94–107 ∘  E.

ocean science

Variability of the thermohaline structure and transport of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean based on NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) hydrography data