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. The West African seaboard is one of the upwelling sectors that has receivedthe least attention, and in situ observations relevant to its dynamics areparticularly scarce. The current system in this sector is not well known andunderstood, e.g., in terms of seasonal variability, across-shore structure,and forcing processes. This knowledge gap is addressed in two studies thatanalyze the mean seasonal cycle of an eddy-permitting numerical simulation ofthe tropical Atlantic. Part 1 is concerned with the circulation over the WestAfrican continental slope at the southernmost reach of the Canary Currentsystem, between ∼8 and 20∘ N. The focus is on the depth rangemost directly implicated in the wind-driven circulation (offshore and coastalupwellings and Sverdrup transport) located above the potential densityσt=26.7 kg m−3 in the model (approx. above 250 m of depth). Inthis sector and for this depth range, the flow is predominantly poleward as adirect consequence of positive wind stress curl forcing, but the degree towhich the magnitude of the upper ocean poleward transport reflects Sverdruptheory varies with latitude. The model poleward flow also exhibits a markedsemiannual cycle with transport maxima in spring and fall. Dynamicalrationalizations of these characteristics are offered in terms of windforcing of coastal trapped waves and Rossby wave dynamics. Remote forcing byseasonal fluctuations of coastal winds in the Gulf of Guinea plays aninstrumental role in the fall intensification of the poleward flow. Thespring intensification appears to be related to wind fluctuations takingplace at shorter distances north of the Gulf of Guinea entrance and alsolocally. Rossby wave activity accompanying the semiannual fluctuations ofthe poleward flow in the coastal waveguide varies greatly with latitude,which in turn exerts a major influence on the vertical structure of thepoleward flow. Although the realism of the model West African boundarycurrents is difficult to determine precisely, the present in-depthinvestigation provides a renewed framework for future observational programsin the region.

A model perspective on the dynamics of the shadow zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic – Part 1: the poleward slope currents along West Africa