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. Since the advent of the modern satellite altimeter era, theunderstanding of the sea level has increased dramatically. The satellitealtimeter record, however, dates back only to the 1990s. The tide gaugerecord, on the other hand, extends through the 20th century but with poorspatial coverage when compared to the satellites. Many studies have beenconducted to create a dataset with the spatial coverage of the satellitedatasets and the temporal length of the tide gauge records by finding novelways to combine the satellite data and tide gauge data in what is known assea level reconstruction. However, most of the reconstructions of sea levelwere conducted on a global scale, leading to reduced accuracy on regionallevels, especially when there are relatively few tide gauges. The seas aroundthe Korean Peninsula are one such area with few tide gauges before 1960. Inthis study, new methods are proposed to reconstruct past sea level around theKorean Peninsula. Using spatial patterns obtained from a cyclostationaryempirical orthogonal function decomposition of satellite data, we reconstructsea level over the period from 1900 to 2014. Sea surface temperature data andaltimeter data are used simultaneously in the reconstruction process, leadingto an elimination of reliance on tide gauge data. Although we did not use thetide gauge data in the reconstruction process, the reconstructed sea levelhas a better agreement with the tide gauge observations in the region thanprevious studies that incorporated the tide gauge data. This studydemonstrates a reconstruction technique that can potentially be used atregional levels, with particular emphasis on areas with poor tide gaugecoverage.

Reconstruction of sea level around the Korean Peninsula using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions