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. The lack of knowledge of the mesopelagic layerinhabitants, especially those performing strong vertical migration, is anacknowledged challenge. This incomplete representation leads to theexclusion of an active carbon and nutrient pathway from the surface to thedeeper layers and vice versa. The vertical migration of mesopelagicinhabitants (macroplanktonic and micronektonic) was observed by acousticalmeans for almost 2.5 years in the epipelagic and mesopelagic layers of the open oligotrophic Cretan Sea(south Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean) at the siteof an operational fixed-point observatory located at 1500 m depth. Theobserved organisms were categorized into four groups according to theirmigration patterns. The variability of the migration patterns was inspectedin relation to the physical and biological environmental conditions of thestudy area. The stratification of the water column does not act as a barrierfor the vertical motion of the strongest migrants that move up to 400 m everyday. Instead, changes in light intensity (lunar cycle, daylight duration,cloudiness) and the presence of prey and predators seem to explain theobserved daily, monthly and seasonal variability. The continuous presence ofthese organisms, which are capable of vertical motion despite the profoundcirculation variability at the site of the observatory, implies theirpresence in the broader study area. The fundamental implications of theabove regarding biogeochemical processing in oligotrophic seas due to the intimatelink between the carbon (C) and nutrient cycles, are discussed.

Acoustic Doppler current profiler observations of migration patternsof zooplankton in the Cretan Sea