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Some basic features of inertial oscillations and near-inertial internal waves\udare investigated by simulating a two-dimensional (x − z) rectangular basin\ud(300 km  ×  60 m) driven by a wind pulse. For the homogeneous case,\udnear-inertial motions are pure inertial oscillations. The inertial\udoscillation shows typical opposite currents between the surface and lower\udlayers, which is formed by the feedback between barotropic waves and inertial\udcurrents. For the stratified case, near-inertial internal waves are generated\udat land boundaries and propagate offshore with higher frequencies, which\udinduce tilting of velocity contours in the thermocline. The inertial\udoscillation is uniform across the whole basin, except near the coastal\udboundaries ( ∼  20 km), where it quickly declines to zero. This boundary\udeffect is related to great enhancement of non-linear terms, especially the\udvertical non-linear term\ud(w ∂ u∕ ∂ z). With\udthe inclusion of near-inertial internal waves, the total near-inertial energy\udhas a slight change, with the occurrence of a small peak at  ∼  50 km,\udwhich is similar to previous research. We conclude that, for this\uddistribution of near-inertial energy, the boundary effect for inertial\udoscillations is primary, and the near-inertial internal wave plays a\udsecondary role. Homogeneous cases with various water depths (50, 40, 30, and\ud20 m) are also simulated. It is found that near-inertial energy monotonously\uddeclines with decreasing water depth, because more energy of the initial\udwind-driven currents is transferred to seiches by barotropic waves. For the\udcase of 20 m, the seiche energy even slightly exceeds the near-inertial\udenergy. We suppose this is an important reason why near-inertial motions are\udweak and hardly observed in coastal regions

A study on some basic features of inertial oscillations and near-inertial internal waves