English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Deep water formation in climate models is indicative of their ability to\udsimulate future ocean circulation, carbon and heat uptake, and sea level\udrise. Present-day temperature, salinity, sea ice concentration and ocean\udtransport in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and Nordic Seas from 23 CMIP5\ud(Climate Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) models are compared with\udobservations to assess the biases, causes and consequences of North Atlantic\uddeep convection in models. The majority of models convect too deep, over too\udlarge an area, too often and too far south. Deep convection occurs at the\udsea ice edge and is most realistic in models with accurate sea ice extent,\udmostly those using the CICE model. Half of the models convect in response to\udlocal cooling or salinification of the surface waters; only a third have a\uddynamic relationship between freshwater coming from the Arctic and deep\udconvection. The models with the most intense deep convection have the warmest\uddeep waters, due to a redistribution of heat through the water column. For\udthe majority of models, the variability of the Atlantic Meridional\udOverturning Circulation (AMOC) is explained by the volumes of deep water\udproduced in the subpolar gyre and Nordic Seas up to 2 years before. In turn,\udmodels with the strongest AMOC have the largest heat export to the Arctic.\udUnderstanding the dynamical drivers of deep convection and AMOC in models is\udhence key to realistically forecasting Arctic oceanic warming and its\udconsequences for the global ocean circulation, cryosphere and marine life

North Atlantic deep water formation and AMOC in CMIP5 models