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The dynamical interaction between currents, bathymetry, waves, and estuarineoutflow has significant impacts on the surf zone. We investigate the impactsof two strategies to include the effect of surface gravity waves on an oceancirculation model of the south shore of O'ahu, Hawaii. This area provides anideal laboratory for the development of nearshore circulation modelingsystems for reef-protected coastlines. We use two numerical models forcirculation and waves: Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and SimulatingWaves Nearshore (SWAN) model, respectively. The circulation model is nestedwithin larger-scale models that capture the tidal, regional, and wind-forcedcirculation of the Hawaiian archipelago. Two strategies are explored forcirculation modeling: forcing by the output of the wave model and online,two-way coupling of the circulation and wave models. In addition, thecirculation model alone provides the reference for the circulation withoutthe effect of the waves. These strategies are applied to two experiments:(1) typical trade-wind conditions that are frequent during summer months, and(2) the arrival of a large winter swell that wraps around the island. Theresults show the importance of considering the effect of the waves on thecirculation and, particularly, the circulation–wave coupled processes. Bothapproaches show a similar nearshore circulation pattern, with the presence ofan offshore current in the middle beaches of Waikiki. Although the pattern ofthe offshore circulation remains the same, the coupled waves and circulationproduce larger significant wave heights ( ≈  10 %) and theformation of strong alongshore and cross-shore currents( ≈  1 m s<sup>−1</sup>)

Different approaches to model the nearshore circulation in the south shore of O'ahu, Hawaii