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The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5° S in the SouthAtlantic carries a significant fraction of the cold deep limb of theMeridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and therefore its variabilityaffects the meridional heat transport and consequently the regional andglobal climate. Nearly 6 years of observations from a line ofpressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs) have yielded an unprecedenteddata set for studying the characteristics of the time-varying DWBC volumetransport at 34.5° S. Furthermore, the horizontal resolution of theobserving array was greatly improved in December 2012 with the addition oftwo current-and-pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) at themidpoints of the two westernmost pairs of PIES moorings. Regular hydrographicsections along the PIES/CPIES line confirm the presence ofrecently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water carried by the DWBC. Thetime-mean absolute geostrophic transport integrated within the DWBC layer,defined between 800–4800 dbar and within longitude bounds of51.5 to 44.5° W, is −15 Sv (1 Sv  =  106 m3 s−1;negative indicates southward flow). The observed peak-to-peak rangein volume transport using these integration limits is from −89 to +50 Sv,and the temporal standard deviation is 23 Sv. Testing different verticalintegration limits based on time-mean water-mass property levels yields smallchanges to these values, but no significant alteration to the character ofthe transport time series. The time-mean southward DWBC flow at this latitudeis confined west of 49.5° W, with recirculations dominating the flowfurther offshore. As with other latitudes where the DWBC has been observedfor multiple years, the time variability greatly exceeds the time mean,suggesting the presence of strong coherent vortices and/or Rossby Wave-likesignals propagating to the boundary from the interior

Characteristics and causes of Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability at 34.5° S during 2009–2014